In cells

Use at concentration of 1 µM.

Use the recommended concentration to avoid off-target toxicity and/or off-target activity. Using concentrations that are higher than recommended could lead to false positive or confounding results.

In vivo

Tested in mouse (dose i.v.: 5 μM/kg, p.o.: 50 μM/kg, s.c.: 80 μM/kg); rapid in vivo clearance; Multiple daily dosing or extended-release formulation might be needed for subchronic PD/NASH model. The negative control has only a moderate metabolic stability and could potentially go through the metabolic pathway. Therefore the control is not suitable for animal use.