In cells

Use BI 99179 in cellular assays between 1 and 10 µM (tested in N-42 and H1975 cells). Do not exceed concentrations of 10 µM to avoid unspecific effects. Use control in the same range. Cytotoxicity observed above 30 µM (LDH release from U937 cells). Fatty acid synthesis was fully blocked at concentrations of ≥ 1 µM of BI 99179 in N-42 and H1975 cells.

Use the recommended concentration to avoid off-target toxicity and/or off-target activity. Using concentrations that are higher than recommended could lead to false positive or confounding results.

In vivo

Do not use in vivo. BI 99179 shows adverse effects in vivo in rats beginning at day 4 (30 mg/kg) and day 9 (3 mg/kg) such as red and swollen mouth and eye lids, salivation and hair loss. The effects are much less pronounced for the control BI 99990. Therefore it is not recommended for in vivo studies and should only be used in vitro.